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SKULL
ANATOMY I.
SKULL °ñÁ¶Á÷Àº osteoblast(forming
cell, osteocytes(mature cells) osteoclast (remodelling
cells)·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¸ç Amorphous matrix containing collagen
type 1 fiber,
calcium, phosphate,cabonate µîÀÌ bone matrix ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ µÇ¾î
bone rigidity¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. µÎ°³°ñÀº
±Ó¼ÓÀÇ »À¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¼ 28°³ÀÇ »À·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ºÀÇÕÀÇ
ÇüÅ·Π°üÀýÀ» À̷糪 ÇϾǰñÀ» »©¸é 27°³ÀÌ´Ù. NeurocraniumÀº
8°³ÀÇ »À(frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid)ÀÌ´Â
µÎ°³°ñÀ» ¹ÞÃÄÁØ´Ù. Facial SkeletonÀº mandible, volmer, nasal,
lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine,zygomatic, maxilla µî
14°³¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇϾǰñÀº ÃøµÎ°ñ°ú
¾Ç°üÀýÀ» ÀÌ·ç¸é¼ µÎ°³¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ°í ¼³ °ñÀº µ¶¸³Çؼ
µÎ °³¿¡¼ À¯¸®µÇ¾î °æ»ó ¼³°ñÀδë (stylohyoid ligament) ÀÇÇØ
µÎ°³¿Í ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³ °ñ¿¡´Â ºÎ ÀúÀÛ ±Ù ¹× ¼³ °ñÀÇ
°íÁ¤µî¿¡ °ü°èµÇ´Â
±ÙÀ°ÀÌ ºÙ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇϾǰñ, »ó¾Ç °ñ, ±¸°³ °ñÀÌ °ñ
±¸°Çü¼º¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ÃøµÎ°ñÀº ÇϾǰñ°ú ´õºÒ¾î ¾Ç°ü Àý Çü¼º¿¡
°ü¿©Çϸç Á¢Çü
°ñ(sphenoid bone)Àº ÀúÀÛ±ÙÀϺΰ¡ ºÙ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. 1> BONE CLASSIFICATION  ±×¸²6-1 From. Human Anatomy
& Physiology by ELAINE N. Marieb P.
167 ¿¡¼ Àοë.
1) Long Bone - The length is greater than The breath.
Each
bone consists of a shaft (Diaphysis) and two ends
or extremities (epiphysis) e.g. arm(humerous) forearm(radius
&ulna), thigh(femurs) and Leg(Tibia &
fibular). 2)
Short Bone - These bones have a cuboidal shape and/or
possess six surfaces. They are found only in
the wrist (darpus) and foot (tarsus). 3)
Flat Bone - Two plates of compact bone sandwich a
thin, inner layer of spongy bone (diploe). The
calvaria, sternum and scapula are good examples.
4)
Irregular Bone - Facial bones and vertebrae are distinguished
by their numerous projections
or irregular outlines. 5)
Pneumatic Bone - Air space containing bones are found only
in the skull. EX.Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid,
and temporal bone. 6)
Sesamoid Bone - These round or oval bones occur within tendons.
The patella pisiform and small bones
located between the metacarpals and
proximal phalanges of the hand or metatarsals
and proximal phalanges of
the foot are examples. 7)
Accessory Bone - Occasionally, an additional bone growth center
arises to form new bone on existing adult
bone. Such
bones are common in the foot. 8)
Heterotopic Bone - Healing processes, disease, stress, and/or
age
are known to n stimulate bone formation in
regions other than bone. 2> CAVITY 1) cranial cavity- brain
2)
orbital " - eye ball, access organ, 3)
nasal " - olfactory function 4)
oral " - entrance of digestive system 1) main part 1.1 frontal bone sphenoid
bone 1.2 ehtmoid bone 2) part(anterior) a) ethmoid notch b)
crista galli c)
orbital portion of frontal bone d)
cribriform plate e)
jugumsphenoidale f)
limbussphenoidale  ±×¸² 6-2 floor cranial cavity
From. Human Anatomy & Physiology by
ELAINE N. Marieb P. 194¿¡¼ Àοë.  ±×¸²6-3 middle of cranial
cavity From. Human Anatomy &
Physiology by
ELAINE N. Marieb P. 194¿¡¼ Àοë. 3) part (middle)
a) optic groove optic foramen
b)
tuberculum sillae 1.3 sillae turcica 1.4 dorsum sillae 1.5 hypophyseal fossa 3> AXIAL SKELETON 1.5.4.1 SKULL (22-28 bones)  ±×¸²6-4 From. Principles
of Anatomy And Physiology by Gerard J.
Tortora p.169¿¡¼ Àοë. A) NEUROCRANIUM(bone
surrounding the brain,8bones) a)
unpaired bone b) paired bone 1) occiptal bone(逵롖) 1)
Parietal bone(µÎÁ¤°ñ) 2)
frontal " (ÀüµÎ°ñ) 2) Temporal bone(ÃøµÎ°ñ) 3)
sphenoid "(Á¢Çü°ñ) 4)
ethmoid "(»ç°ñ) B) FACIAL SKELETON ( front of head 14 bones)
1)
unpaired bones : vomer, Mandible 2)
paired bone : nasal, lacrimal,inferior nasal concha,palatine,
zygomatic
maxilla. C) AUDITORY OSSICLES(bone of middle ear 6bones)
PAIRED
BONE : stapes(stirrup), incus,(anvil), malleus(hammer) 2. HYOID BONE : body and paired greater cornuae
3.
STERNUM-
bone consist of three segments 1)
manubrium 2)
gladiolus 1 xiphoid
process 4>
FIVE REGION OF SPINAL COLUMN  ±×¸²6-5
From. Human Anatomy & Physiology by ELAINE N.
Marieb P.205¿¡¼ Àοë.
1) CERVICAL
-7 bones
2) Thoracic -12 bones 3)
Lumbar - 5 bones 4) Sacrum
- 5 fused vertebrae forming 1 bone 5)
Coccyx - 4 fused vertebral forming 1 bone 5>
CRANIAL FOSSAE  ±×¸²6-6 From. Principles
of Anatomy And Physiology by Gerard J.
Tortora p.176¿¡¼ Àοë. A. ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA(ÀüµÎ
°³¿Í) - it is supports the frontal
poles of the frontal lobes of the cerebrum -
it is formed from the orbital plates of the frontal bone, the crista
galli and
cribriform plates of the ethmoid bone and jugum of the sphenoid
bone
-
It contains the olfactory bulb, the falx cerebri, and the tentorium
cerebelli
-
foramina included here opening of the cribriform plate for fila
olfactoria, anterior&posterior
ehtmmoidal foramina , foramen cecum for an emissary vein
B. MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA(Áß
µÎ °³¿Í) -
Dominant contents
of are temporal poles and inferior temporal surface of
temporal lobes of cerebrum, hypophysis, cerebri, optic chiasmata.
-
Its contain cerebellum , the pons , medulla oblongata. - Anterior boundary is formed by anterior clinoid process, and lesser
wing
of sphenoid bone, posteriorly posterior clinoid process and
dorsum
sellae of sphenoid of sphenod bone as well as superior border
of petrous part of temporal bone form the boarder. -
To the sides are formed by squamae of the temporal bone, frontal
angles
of parietal bone &greater wing of sphenoid bone. - The most unusual feature of the middle cranial
fossa is the sella turcica.
It
is formed by clinoid(bedpost) processes anteriorly and posteriorly.
The
"matress" of the bed is formed by the hypophyseal fossa.
-
Foramina found within the middle cranial fossa include the opening
for
the optic canal (for the ophthalmic artery the oculomotor nerve,
trochlear
nerve, ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, abducens
nerve,
and the ophthalmic veins) which open into the orbit. -
Communicating with the pterygopalatine fossa is the foramen rotundum
(containing
the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve). Into
the infratemporal fossa open the foramen ovale (for the mandibular
division
of the trigeminal nerve) and the foramen spinosum (for the middle
meningeal artery & veins and the nervus spinosus). The
foramen lacerum is formed from the intersection of the phenoid
and
temporal bones. It will contain the internal carotid artery, and
an accompanying
venous plexus and carotid sympathetic nerve plexus. The
last two openings from the middle cranial fossa are irregular
In
outline, hence the term "hiatus". The
hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve contains a branch from the
facial
nerve of the same name. C. POSTERIOR CRANIAL
FOSSA(ÈĵΠ°³¿Í) -
Anterior boundary is formed by the dorsal sellae ,posterior
clinoid process
of sphenoid bone, basillar part of occiptal bone. -
To the sides are the petrous and mastoid parts of temporal bone,
the
lateral part of occipital bone , mastoid angle of the parietal
bone.
-
The roof of fossa is formed by the tentorium cerebelli -
It's include foramen magnum .jugular foramen, opening for condylar
canal,
opening for hypoglossal canal, opening for internal accoustic
meatus.
*
Jugular foramen will contain glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus,nerve,
spinal
accessory nerve *
Hypoglossal canal will contain hypoglossal nerve. *
Condylar canal will found emissary vein, between sigmoid dural
venous
sinus. Internal
accoustic meatus are found motor& sensory root of facial
nerve,
vestibulocochlear nerve, internal labyrinthine or internal
artery
&vein  ±×¸²6-7 internal aspect of
skull p.9 CIBA nervous system
volone
6> FRONTAL BONE ±×¸²6-8
frontal boneÀÇ ÁÂ¿ì °ÇÏ°Ô Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â ºÎºÐÀ» frontal eminence
(ÀüµÎ °áÀý)¶ó°í ÇÏ°í ±×¹ØÀÇ
´«½çÀ§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °ñ À¶±â¸¦ supercillary
arch (¹Ì±Ã )À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×Á¿ì supercillary arch
(¹Ì±Ã )»çÀÌÀÇ ÆòźÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» glabella (¹Ì°£)À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. supercillary
arch (¹Ì±Ã )¾Æ·¡¿¡´Â orbit ÀÇ À§ ¸ð¼¸®ÀÎ supraorbital margin(¾È¿Í»ó¿¬
)À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.  ±×¸²6-8 From. Human Anatomy
& Physiology by ELAINE N. Marieb
P.191¿¡¼ Àοë. a) 3 main part 1) frontal squamous 2)
orbital part 3)
nasal part b) part 1) frontal eminence 2)
supracillary arch 3)
zygomatic process of max 4)
grabella 5)
supra orbital margin 6)
" notch 7)
" foramen 8)
orbital part of frontal bone c) internal suface 1) sagittal sulcus 2)crbriform
plate 3) frontal crest
4) foramen cecum 5)
frontal sinus 6) lacrimal
fossa 7>
OCCIPTAL BONE
 ±×¸²6-9 From. Human Anatomy
& Physiology by ELAINE N.
Marieb P. 191¿¡¼ Àοë. ¸Ó¸®ÀÇ µÞ¸éÀº occiput(ÈĵÎ)¶ó°í Çϸç sagittal suture ¿Í
lambdoidal suture °¡ ¸¸³ª´Â ºÎºÐÀ»
lambda (ÀÎÀÚÁ¤ )À̶ó°í Çϸç occiput °¡±îÀÌ¿¡´Â
external occipital protuberance (¿ÜÈĵÎÀ¶±â ) °¡ ÀÖ°í ÀÌ
À¶±â¿¡¼ Á¿ì·Î ¾Æ·¡ 2°³ÀÇ highest nuchal line(ÃÖ»óÇ×¼º)À̶ó°í
Çϸç, galea aponeurotica (¸ð»ó°Ç¸·
)°¡ ºÎÂøµÇ°í ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ °ÍÀ» sup. nuchal
line(»óÇ×¼º)À̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. external occipital protuberance¿¡¼
°¡ÀÚ Æ¢¾î³ª¿Â ºÎºÐÀ» inion (¿Ü ÈĵÎÀ¶±âÁ¤Á¡)À̶ó
ÇÑ´Ù. external occipital protuberance
¿¡¼ foramen magnum À¸·Î °¡´Â À¶¼±À» median
nuchal line À̶óÇϸç liamentum nuchae (Ç× Àδë) °¡ ºÎÂøµÇ°í
median nuchaline line ¿¡¼ Áß¾Ó¿¡¼
Á¿ì·Î °¡´Â À¶¼±À» inferior nuchaline
lineÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù. a) 3 main part 1) occipital squamous 2)
condylar process 3)
basillar portion b) part 1) foramen magnum 2)
external occipital protuberance external
occipital crest 3)
3curved ridge -supreme nuchal line.sup.nuchal line ,inf.nuchal line,
4) int.
occipital protuberance int.occiptal
crest 5)
vermiform fossa 6)
transverse sulcus sagittal
sulcus 7)
condye conyloid
fossa 8)
hypoglossal canal 9)
jugular foramen jugular
process 8>
SPHENOD BONE
- ¸Ó¸®»À ¹Ù´Ú¿¡ Áß¾Ó¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ³¯°³¸¦ Æí
³ªºñ¸ð¾çÀÇ »À·Î¼ ÇüÅ´ ¸Å¿ì
º¹ÀâÇϸç body , lesser wing, greater wing, pterygoid process·Î
±¸ºÐÇÑ´Ù.
 ±×¸²6-10 From. Human Anatomy & Physiology
by ELAINE N. Marieb P.196¿¡¼
Àοë. a) main part 1) body(ü)-
Á¢Çü °ñÀÇ Áß¾Ó¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϰí ÀÌ ¼Ó¿¡ ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â °øµ¿Àº Á¢Çü
°ñµ¿ÀÌ¸ç »ó¸éÀº ¿òÇ« µé¾î°¡¼ Turkish saddleÀ̶ó Çϰí
Çϼö ü¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 2)
lesser wing(¼ÒÀÍ) - ³ªºñÀÇ Ã˰¢¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ°í ¼ÒÀÍ¿¡´Â otpic nerve
¿Í opthalmic arteryÀÇ Åë·ÎÀÎ optic canal
ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¼, orbit ¿Í ±³ÅëÇÑ´Ù. 1 Greater
wing(´ëÀÍ )- ³ªºñÀÇ ³¯°³¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϰí greater wingÀÇ Àü³»
Ãø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¸ÛÀ» foramen rotundum (Á¤¿ø
°ø)ÀÌ Åë°úÇÑ´Ù. Á¤¿ø °øÀÇ ÈÄ¿Ü ¹æ¿¡´Â foramen
ovale (³¿ø °ø )À̶ó ÇÏ°í ¿©±â¿¡ mandibular
nerve Åë°úÇÏ°í ±×¸®°í ³¿ø °øÀÇ ÈÄ
¿Ü¹æ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±¸¸ÛÀ» foramen spinosum (±Ø
°ø)À̶ó Çϰí ÇϾǽŰæÀÇ °¡ÁöÀÎ °æ¸·Áö¿Í maxillary
artery ÀÇ °¡ÁöÀÎmiddle meningeal artery°¡ Åë°úÇÑ´Ù.
3) pterygoid
process-³ªºñÀÇ ´Ù¸®¿¡ ÇØ´çÇϰí body¿Í greater wing»çÀÌ¿¡¼
ÇÏÇàÇÏ´Â µ¹±âÀ̸ç
lateral lamina of pterygoid process (Àͻ󵹱â¿ÜÃøÆÇ) ¿¡´Â
external pterygoid muscle ÀÇ origin µÇ°í pterygoid fossa(À͵¹¿Í)¿¡´Â
internal
pterygoid muscleÀÌ origin µÈ´Ù. b) part 1) optic foramen optic
groove 2)
hypophyseal foramen 3)
sphnoidal crest 4)
jugum sphenidale 5)
Limbus sphenidale 6)
tuberculium sillae 7)
sillae turcia 8)
hypophyseal foramen 9)
dorsum sillae c) WING- greater wing &lesser wing d) Greater wing 1) foramen rotundum -pierce
of max.nerve 2)
foramen ovale - " of mand.Nerve 3)
foramen spinosium- ' of mid meningeal nerve e) pterygoid process
1) lateral pterygoid process
2)
medial pterygoid process 3)
pterygoid hamulus -hook like 4)
scphoid fossa 5)
pterygoid foramen 6)
greater palatine foramen 9> TEMPORAL BONE - µÎ°³ÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡¼ º¼ ¶§ Á¶°³²®Áú¸ð¾çÀÇ
»ÀÀ̰í û°¢±â(organ of hearing)¿Í ÆòÇü±â°üÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸²6-11 Right superficial
view of temporal bone From. Human
Anatomy & Physiology by ELAINE N. Marieb P.
195¿¡¼ Àοë. a) main part 1) squamous portion(ÀκÎ) -
À§´Â parietal bone ¾ÕÀº sphenoid bone°ú °üÀýÇÑ´Ù.
2)
mastoid - ÈÄ ÇϺΠÀ§·Î¼ mastoid process °¡ ¹ØÀ¸·Î µ¹ÃâÇÑ ºÎÀ§À̰í
mastoid
notch, mastoid foramen,mastoid process°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 3)
petrous portion - ³»ÃøÀ¸·Î »¸Àº 3°¢Ã߸ð¾çÀÇ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î sphenoid
bone°ú
occipital bone »çÀÌ¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. 4)
tympanic portion- squamous partÀÇ ¾Æ·¡¿Í mastoid process »çÀÌ¿¡
À§Ä¡ÇÑ
»À ÆÇÀÌ´Ù. b) petrous portion 1) posteriorly- internal auditory
meatus(accoustic nerve) 2)
anteriorly- a. trigeminal impression -
semilunar ganglion -
gasserian ganglion b.
eminencia arcuata- semicircular canal c.
tegmem tympani c) tympanic portion - external auditory meatus 10> FACIAL CRANIUM
a) max. bone b)
palatine bone c) zygomatic
bone d) mand.
A>
Maxilla bone
- ¾È¸éÀÇ Áß¾Ó¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϰí Á¿ì16°³ÀÇ
»ó¾Ç Ä¡¾Æ¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ¸ç ºÎºñ
°ÀÇ ÇϳªÀÎ »ó ¾Ç µ¿À» À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù.  ±×¸²6-12 From. Human Anatomy & Physiology
by ELAINE N. Marieb P.199¿¡¼
Àοë. 1> body - antrum of highmore=max.sinus
1)
anterior surface 1.
infratemporal surface 2. orbital
surface 3. nasal
surface 4. max.
sinus 2>
4°³ÀÇ process 1) frontal process(ÀüµÎµ¹±â)
- ³»¸é¿¡ ethmoidal crest¿Í conchal crest°¡
ÀÖ´Ù. 2)
zygomatic(Çù°ñµ¹±â) - maxillary process¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ¿© zygomatico
maxillary
suture¸¦ ¸¸µç´Ù. 3)
alveolar (Ä¡Á¶µ¹±â) - Ä¡±ÙÀÇ ¼øÃøÀ̳ª Çù ÃøÀ» ½Î°í ÀÖ´Â »À 4)
palatine (±¸°³µ¹±â) - hard palate form compose of palatine prosess
of max & horizontal process of
palatine bone B> palatine bone
- horizontal plate 1.
horizontal process of palatine bone ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
2. »ó¾Ç
°ñÀÇ ÈĹ濡 À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ¸ð¾çÀº LÀÚ ¸ð¾çÀÌ°í ±¸°ÀÇ ÃµÀåÀ» ÀÌ·é´Ù.
 ±×¸²6-13 palatine bone From.
Human Anatomy & Physiology by
ELAINE N. Marieb P. 199¿¡¼ Àοë. C> zygomatic bone - cheek -
ºÒ·è Æ¢¾î³ª¿Í º¼ ºÎÀ§¸¦ ÀÌ·ç´Â »ÀÀ̰í orbitÀÇ ¿ÜÃø º®°ú ¾Æ·¡ º®ÀÇ
ÀϺθ¦
Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. -
À§´Â frontal bone, ¾ÈÂÊÀº maxillary ¿Í Á¢ÇÏ°í µÚ´Â temporal bone
ÀÇ zygomatic
process ¿Í Á¢ÇÏ¿© zygomatic archÀ» Çü¼ºÇÑ´Ù. -
2 fossa is temporal fossa & infra temporal fossaÀÌ´Ù. -
4 process°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. orbital, temporal frontal, infra orbital process
°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. d> mandible 1. external surface  ±×¸²6-14 From. P.95 µÎ°æºÎ
ÇØºÎÇÐ by ±è ¸í±¹.
a) symphysis menti b)
mental protuberance mental
tubercle mental
foramen c)
oblique line d)
angle of mand. 2. internal surface
 ±×¸² 6-15 internal surface
From. ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY by
FRANK H. NETTER, M.D P.10¿¡¼ Àοë. a) genial tubercle (mental spine)
b)
digastric fossa c)
sublingual fossa submandibular
fossa d)
myohyoid line myohyoid
groove e)
ramus of groove 3. Medial surface a) mandibylar fossa b)
lingua of mand. c)
myohyoid line from up to submandbular fossa d)
myhyoid groove 4. superior
border a) coronoid process b)
condyle of mand. c)
mandibular notch d)
angle of mandible e)
Ethmoid bone 1)
cribriform plate ,crista galli,foramen cecum 2)
peoendicular plate 3)
ethmoid labyninth -
super nasal concha -
middle -
lamina papyracea  ±×¸² 6-16 internal surface
From. ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY by
FRANK H. NETTER, M.D P.10¿¡¼ Àοë. 11> µÎ°³°ñÀÇ
5°³ÀÇ position
1) Norma verticalis-view form
above 2)
Norma Frontalis-view from front 3) . Norma occipitalis-view form
3)
behind Norma Lateralis - view from side 4)
Norma Basalis-view from below °¡ ÀÖ´Ù 1) Norma Verticalis
- Áß¿äÇÑ ±¸Á¶¹°Àº Coronal suture
, Sagittal suture, Lamdoidal suture,
Bregma(Coronal suture¿Í sagittal suture °¡ ¸¸³ª´Â ºÎºÐ),
anterior fontanelle, lambda(sagittal suture¿Í lambdoid sutures°ú
¸¸³ª´Â ºÎºÐ), posterior fontanelle, parietal tubercle°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
2) Norma frontalisÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ
±¸Á¶¹° frontal bone, frontal tubercle,
the glabella, supercillary arches°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
* 6 region of norma frontalis
a) frontal region b)
nasal region c)
zygomatic region d)
maxillary region e)
orbital region f)
mandibular region Part a) supercillary notch b)
grabella c)
supra orbital margin supra
orbital notch supra
orbital foramen d)
infra orbital foramen infra
orbital margin e)
zygomaatic process of frontal bone f)
piriform aperture g)
canine fossa h)
canine eminence i)
anterior nasal spine ij)
incisive fossa 3) Norma Occipitalis
- Á߿䱸Á¶¹°Àº a)
external occipital protuberance, external occipital crest
b)
internal occipital protuberance, internal protuberance crest,
c)
vermiform fossa d)
Eminencia cruciata °¡ ÀÖ°í, distalºÎºÐÀ» inionÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®
¿î´Ù. 4) Norma lateralis Á߿䱸Á¶¹°Àº a)
temporal lines b)
temporal fossa c)
zygomatic arch d)
EAM e)
mastoid notch mastoid
foramen f)
styloid process mastoid
" 5) Norma basalis
Á߿䱸Á¶¹°Àº a)
alveolar process b)
incisive fossa c)
hard palate d)
foramen stenson 13>
SCALP
- SCALP´Â calva¸¦ µ¤°í ÀÖ´Â soft tissue·Î¼
superior to nuchal line¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ
superior orbital margin¸¦ °ÅÃļ zygomatic arch ±îÁö¸¦
¸»ÇÑ´Ù. - Scalp ¿Í
°ü°èÀÖ´Â nerve´Â ÁÖ·Î sensory nerve ·Î¼ 3Â÷½Å°æÀÇ branch
ÀÎ ¾È½Å°æÀÇ supratrochlear ¿Í supraorbital division °ú »ó¾Ç
½Å°æÀÇ zygomaticotemporal branch¿Í ÇϾǽŰæÀÇ auriculotemporal
nerve, spinal nerve C2,C3ÀÇ lesser occipital nerve,
spinal nerve C2,C3·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿À´Â greater occipital nerve, Motor
nerve´Â temporal,zygomatic ,posterior auricular nerve °ÅÄ£
facial nerve branchÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿Â´Ù.  ±×¸²6-17 scalp Gray¡¯s antomy
p.530 ¿¡¼ Àοë 1) Layer of scalp a) skin b)
dense of connective tissue c)
galea aponeurotica=Epicranium d)
loose connective tissue-subaponeurotic layer called dangerous
area e)
pericranium 2) Layer at the side of temporal head
region a) skin b)
superficial fascia c)
extrinsic muscle of ear d)
Galea aponeurotica -occipitalis, frontalis e)
temporalis fascia f)
temporalis fascia g)
pericranium 3) Nerve supply of scalp a)
pre - auricular nerve 1. motor group-temporal
br. of facial nerve 2.
sensory group a.
supratrochlear-ophthalmic nerve from trigeminal nerve b.
supratrochlear- " " " 3.
zygomaticofacial -max division 4.
auriculotemporal -mand. division b) post auricular nerve
1. motor -from auricular branch
of facial nerve 2.
sensory nerve a.
greater auricular nerve- from 2nd 3rd cervical b.
greater occiptal nerve -from 2nd " c.
lesser occiptal nerve -from 2nd 3rd d.
3d occiptal nerve - 3 rd ? ? 4) Artery of scalp a) pre -auricular artery
1.
supraorbital artery from ophthalmic Artery 2.
supratrochlear " " 3.
superficial temporal artery-external carotid artery b)
post-auricular artery 1.
post auricular artery- branch external carotid artery 2.
occipital artery 5) Vein of scalp a) pre-auricular vein 1.
supratrochlear vein 2.
supraorbital vein 3.
superficial temporal vein b)
post -auricular vein post-occipital
vein - The End -
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